25 December 2023
Geopolitical tensions and Beijing’s tightening controls prompt American businesses to explore alternatives to China.
As China’s economic growth slows and its bilateral relationship with the United States deteriorates, many in the American business community are considering their options. The past year has seen discussions around China Plus One diversification and de-risking, reflecting the current tensions facing foreign businesses in China. A recent poll by the American Chamber of Commerce in China revealed that a growing number of companies are starting to look for alternative locations outside of China. However, the question remains: where would these companies go if not China?
Mexico, India, and Vietnam: Potential Alternatives, but Challenges Remain
Mary Lovely, an economist at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, suggests Mexico as a possible alternative. The Mexican government has been working to make it easier for multinational companies to operate within its borders. However, Mexico faces challenges such as infrastructure issues and security concerns, making it less attractive to some businesses. India and Vietnam are also seen as potential alternatives, but they are not yet fully prepared to handle a surge in U.S. companies seeking to relocate.
The Complexity of Shifting Operations
Dan Harris, a lawyer with Harris Sliwoski, highlights the complexities involved in shifting operations from China to other countries. He cites the example of a client in the fashion industry who moved their manufacturing from China to Vietnam, only to later return to China due to logistical challenges and increased costs. This demonstrates the difficulties businesses face when trying to find alternative manufacturing hubs that can match China’s infrastructure and competitive pricing.
China’s Competitive Advantage
Peter Tirschwell, a supply chain specialist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, explains that China’s competitive advantage lies in its extensive experience and investment in infrastructure. China has built high-quality roads and ports, staying ahead of demand and outpacing other countries in port development. This infrastructure advantage, combined with lower production costs, has made China an attractive destination for businesses.
Weighing Risks and Opportunities
Despite the tensions between Washington and Beijing, some American business owners, like Ian Rodenhouse, still see China as a land of opportunity. Rodenhouse, a logistics specialist, is willing to take the risks associated with doing business in China. He emphasizes that navigating challenges is part of the business landscape, and for him, the potential rewards outweigh the risks. The American Chamber of Commerce in China also notes that many other American companies share this sentiment.
Conclusion: As China’s economy slows and geopolitical tensions persist, American businesses are reevaluating their ties to China. While some are exploring alternatives in Mexico, India, and Vietnam, the challenges and complexities of shifting operations cannot be overlooked. China’s competitive advantage in terms of infrastructure and cost-effectiveness continues to be a significant factor for businesses. Ultimately, the decision to maintain or sever ties with China requires a careful weighing of risks and opportunities. As the landscape evolves, American businesses will continue to navigate this complex relationship, seeking the best path forward for their operations.
